Neuropathy is a set of conditions caused by damage to the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system has two main parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is comprised of the spinal cord and brain. The vertebrae of the spinal cord are designed to protect the nerves from damage and injury. Unlike the central nervous system, the nerves in the peripheral nervous system are not protected by bone so are constantly exposed to mechanical injury or irritation.